DNA Tribes
is the testing company used to obtain the DNA profiles. DNA Tribes' database contains population data from two Taiwanese aboriginal tribes: Ami and Atayal.
Excerpts from DNA Tribes
DNA Tribes Genetic Ancestry Analysis is a service that uses genetic material inherited from both maternal and
paternal ancestors to measure your genetic connections to individual ethnic groups and major world regions. Your
top ranked results indicate places where your blend of ancestry is most frequent and where your genetic ancestors
left the strongest traces.
DNA Tribes uses a type of autosomal STR genetic markers developed by the FBI for individual identification. Using this system, each person’s DNA profile serves as a genetic fingerprint for that individual, with typically less than one in a trillion chance of sharing an identical profile with anyone in the world. Because each autosomal STR profile is so unique to each person, these genetic markers are also the industry standard for court-admissible paternity and maternity testing. DNA Tribes uses this highly unique autosomal STR genetic profile to measure a person’s genetic connections to populations and major regions around the world.
RESULTS
Native Population Match: These results are your Top 20 matches in a database of 467 native populations that have experienced minimal movement and admixture in modern history (roughly, the last 500 years). Individual matches do not necessary indicate recent social or cultural affiliation with a particular ethnicity. Instead, the geographical distribution of your Native Population Match results indicates your most likely deep ancestral origins.
Global Population Match: These results are your Top 20 matches in a database of 655 global populations, including native peoples as well as Diaspora groups that expanded from their homelands and sometimes admixed with other populations in recent history. The geographical distribution of your Global Population Match results indicates your closest genetic relatives today and peoples whose blend of geographical ancestry is most similar to your own.
World Region Match: World Region Match represents the most comprehensive portion of your genetic ancestry analysis. These regions are the product of long term patterns of interactions between peoples within major geographic and cultural zones over hundreds and often thousands of years. World region results provide a broader, more general view of where your genetic ancestry is found among major regions of the world.
Excerpts from Wikipedia.org
According to the Republic of China government, the majority of Taiwan's 23 million population consist of 98% Han Chinese with a minority Austronesian population of less than 500,000. The composition of the people on Taiwan is often reputed to include a significant population of at least four constituent ethnic groups: the Hoklo (70%), the Hakka (15%), Mainlander (13%), and Taiwanese Aborigines (2%).
Han Taiwanese: Hoklo (Min-nan) communities in Taiwan originated from male laborers from Fujian (hired by the Dutch), some of whom married into lowland Taiwanese aborigine communities.
Han Taiwanese: Hakka communities, although arriving to Taiwan from Eastern Guangdong and the mountains of Fujian, have also likely mixed through intermarriage with lowland Aborigines as well. Hakka family trees are known for identifying the male ancestors by their ethnic Hakka heritage while leaving out information on the identity of the female ancestors. Also, during the process of intermarriage and assimilation, many of the lowland Aborigines and their families adopted Hoklo and Hakka family names. Much of this happened in Taiwan prior to the Japanese colonization of Taiwan, so that by the time of the Japanese colonization, most of the population that the Japanese classified as "Chinese" Hoklo and "Chinese" Hakka were in truth already of mixed ancestry. It is believed by some scholars that the Hakka of Taiwan are mainly the descendants of Hakka assimilated ethnic Shi people from the mountainous area between Fujian and Guangdong, with linguistic relations to Min-nan speakers [Norman, Jerry (1988). Chinese:Cambridge Language Surveys. UK: Cambridge University Press].
Taiwanese Aborigines or Aboriginal peoples (原住民; literally "original inhabitants") are the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Their ancestors are believed to have been living on the islands for approximately 8,000 years before major Han Chinese immigration began in the 1600s (see Taiwanese Aborigines).
A mainlander (Waishengren) is someone living in Taiwan whose "native province" is not Taiwan. Native province does not mean the province in which one is born, but rather the province whose father's family comes from. Until the early 1990s, identity cards in Taiwan contained an entry for native province. The removal of native province from identity cards and replacement with place of birth was motivated in large part to reduce the mainlander/local distinction. Mainlanders are descended from the people who followed Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan after the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War in 1949. These people included KMT officials, soldiers, merchants, bankers, executives, scientists, various other intellectuals, and anyone else who sensed that the Communist regime would ultimately be worse, and had the connections and money to escape mainland China. Until the 1970s, these people controlled the political systems of Taiwan; this, along with the looting and corruption that occurred under Chen Yi's (KMT) military government immediately following the Japanese surrender in 1945, generated resentment among benshengren (local Taiwanese) and was one of the main causes of the Taiwan independence movement.
The descendants of mainlanders (sometimes called the "New Taiwanese") settled first within the heart of large urban centers in Taiwan such as Taipei, Taichung, or Kaohsiung. High numbers of government officials and civil servants who followed the KMT to Taiwan and occupied the positions of the colonial government moved into the official dormitories and residences built by the Japanese for civil servants. The ghettoization of mainlander communities exacerbated the divisions imagined by non-mainlander groups, and stymied cultural integration and assimilation into mainstream Taiwanese culture . Nationalization campaigns undertaken by the KMT established an official "culture", which reflected the KMT government's own preference for what it considered authentic Chinese culture. This excluded many of the local Taiwanese practices and local cultures, including the diverse cultures brought to Taiwan by the mainlanders from all parts of China. Unlike, the Hoklo and Hakka of Taiwan, who felt excluded by the new government, the mainlanders and their families supported the nationalists and embraced the official "culture" as their own, with "national culture" being taught in school The mainlanders used their embrace of Nationalist culture to identify themselves as authentic Chinese. People identifying themselves as "mainlanders" can now be found in all parts of Taiwan, and through government agriculture and construction campaigns of the 1960s, "mainlander" communities or mixed marriage communities have been established in the high mountains and along the east coast.
Han Chinese trace their ancestry back to the Huaxia, people who lived along the Yellow River in northern China. In the narrow, original sense, Huaxia refers to a group (or confederation of tribes) of ancient people living along the Yellow River who formed the nucleus of what later became the Han ethnic group in China. In this sense, the term did not originally represent China or Chinese civilisation as a whole, but referred instead to a specific ethno-cultural group (the Huaxia tribe or confederacy 華夏族) that was distinct from other Chinese peoples at the time, such as the Miao, the Dongyi, etc. Subsequently, with the spread of Han culture over most of China, the term came to be used as a generic term for the Chinese nation itself, as well as for Chinese culture in general (see Han Chinese).
The Central Plain of China (中原; Zhongyuan) refers to the area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization. It forms part of the North China Plain. In its narrowest sense, the Central Plain covers modern-day Henan, the southern part of Hebei, the southern part of Shanxi, and the western part of Shandong province. A broader interpretation of the Central Plain's extent would add the Guanzhong plain of Shaanxi, the northwestern part of Jiangsu, and parts of Anhui and northern Hebei.
The Polulations Defined as Han by DNA Tribes:
Han (Beijing, China)
Han (Changsha, China)
Han (Chengdu, China)
Han (Guangdong, China)
Han (Guangzhou, China)
Han (Hanzhong, China)
Han (Henan, China)
Han (Jiangsu, China)
Han (Jilin, China)
Han (Min Nan, China)
Han (Qinghai, China)
Han (Shaanxi, China)
Han (Sichuan, China)
Han (X'ian, Shaanxi, China)
Han (Yan Bian, Northeast China)
Han (Yunnan, China)
Han (Yunnan, China)
Han (Yunnan, China)